The Concept Of Headhunting In HR

The Concept Of Headhunting In HR Headhunting refers to the approach of finding and attracting the best experienced person with the required skill set. Headhunting is also a recruitment process involves convincing the person to join your organization. This is very use full process in every organization at this time many companies follow headhunting process from this process hr manager recruit only experience and skilled labour for getting information about current market situation and how to manage the our customer so this process is important for companies. Headhunting Process For the headhunting process we apply three fundamental steps: 1- Defining a search strategy In collaboration with clients, we evaluate the assignment parameters and requirements and determine a specific search strategy for finding the best candidate. Paramount to this process is an acute understanding of the clients culture, the position responsibilities and the necessary qualifications. Once a search strategy is defined we generate a list of target sectors, companies, networks and relevant associations. 2-Candidate identification and evaluation We conduct preliminary research for developing an initial candidate list. We screen, meet and assess a short list of potential candidates through telephone and face-to-face interviews. When applicable, we facilitate all interviews, assessment centres, psychometric testing and medicals. 3-Search report and follow-up We consult with our clients to review preferred candidates and assist in the selection process. When a preferred candidate(s) is selected, we will then conduct reference checks in consultation with the client. Once the position is filled, we will conduct ongoing follow-up with both client and candidate. Advantages of using a headhunting Discretion and confidentiality is obviously one of the biggest advantages: When retaining the services of a headhunter you should be assured that only a very few people will know you are seeking to have a particular position filled. Experience and knowledge and know how is another advantage:- A good headhunter will be a good researcher, they will be able to fully understand the attributes you need and will be able to understand the culture and climate of your organisation and so be able to identify key individuals that will really make a difference to your firm. They will be skilled at approaching people, offering concise explanations, will be skilled negotiators with high emotional intelligence and empathy skills and will be able to differentiate between the merely good and the really great candidates. Disadvantage of head hunting A headhunter cannot afford to devote his/her attention to just one client. Headhunters are often commission-paid and under pressure to meet hiring quotas for the recruitment companies they work for. Hires salary paid of headhunter. Difficult in headhunting process to determine the best headhunter. After the complete headhunting process headhunter maybe give wrong information about competitor and market situation Five points every recruiter should adopt to achieve effective headhunting results Identify your candidates Name gathering Overcoming obstacles Identifying the desire to change Manage the resignation REVIEW OF LITRATURE Understand Head Hunting Various companies and firms have chosen to enhance their human resource by using the expertise that headhunters bring to recruitment. The boom in the headhunting industry can be attributed to the headhunters superior understanding of the industry and market norms, job profiles, people skills etc. It is imperative to have an in-depth specialised knowledge of the industry, the job requirements, work culture, HR policies etc. Several factors need to be considered. The headhunter takes into consideration the candidates values, job preferences, skills, background, family commitments etc. These are the guiding parameters by which the headhunter analyses the candidates suitability to the requirements of the recruiter. The headhunter should guide the candidates in interview handling skills. A headhunter stakes his reputation on the competencies of his candidate.A headhunter can be tuned to success in the corporate scenario. The intense competition in the recruitment procedures has led to several headhunters working round the clock. The Future of Headhunting It depends on whom you ask and, maybe more importantly, what level of executive you want to recruit. On one hand are those who argue that the Internet and other innovations are transforming todays headhunting firms and recruitment strategies. Internet career cites such as Monster.com are moving into the executive market, threatening to compete against old-style headhunters in a lucrative market. High-potential candidates are located, tracked and monitored as they move through their careers in other companies. When the time is right, these people are offered a job.Its hard to argue that these trends are not having an impact on executive recruitment, but it may also be premature to imply that most top-notch global executives are suddenly going to put their resumes online or allow their skills to be evaluated by software Head Hunter Can Do For Company Head hunting is not just about getting the top performer from another company, it is also about hunting for people with a specific set of talents to work for them.Talent skills that are not being recognized by the company that you are working with right now, and another company might see a valuable potential in you. People all over the world are stuck in the situation that they are being under utilized and because of the fact that they are being under utilized and their talents are not being channeled effectively. The whole point of a resume and the list of talents are for it to get the air space that it needs. Companies who are interested in one thing and is to get the best talents and the employees with the most potential. Aviation Headhunting Initially conduct an on-site visit at the clients HQ to establish working conditions, meet key decision makers and gather a view of the environment, which prospective candidates can expect to enter. Together with the client we produce a draft job profile and person specification, agree on timescale for delivery and draw up contracts. Advertising copy is expertly written and the advert drawn up by a Marlborough consultant he is designed to ensure maximum response. Having created a talent pool of suitable candidates, he arranges face-to-face interviews and via a process of elimination produce a short list worthy of presentation to the client. Marlborough provides the client with an in-house generated assessment report detailing our opinions and comments on the relative capabilities of each of the short-listed candidates. Marlborough arranges an interview agenda with the client and manages short-listed candidates. Following is the detailed feedback sessions, Marlborough gathers in-dep th reference and after this contract signature with the selected individual we personally write to unsuccessful candidates. Headhunting has evolved Dont get left behind Critical lack of leadership talent available globally and a demanding top level candidate, the headhunting climate has become more sophisticated and challenging. Extended hiring time and losing quality candidates, leading to an expensive process and a dissatisfied client and candidates. A top headhunter does not compromise its executive network, but focuses on connecting top-end talent with reputable screened employers of choice. Getting the Best and the Brightest Headhunters often belong to professional and trade organizations. Their directories are a rich source of who are up and coming. The approach to the candidate is important and to make it known that would be treated in a confidential manner. Worldwide, retained firms account only for US$2 billion out of the entire US$10-billion executive search industry. A guarantee period, usually six months, within which candidates are replaced at no additional cost should they leave for whatever reason. And a headhunter cannot tap a candidate for another job offer after placing him in one job for a specified period of time. Headhunting the Old-fashioned Way: A Case for the Human Touch in a Dot-Com World Many of the sites say they provide employers with turn-key recruitment solutions. Monster.com, for example, says on their homepage that they deliver cost-effective and efficient recruiting solutions, including real-time job postings, complete company profiles and resume screening .Recruitment made easy. Nor has it ever been easier to peruse career opportunities at companies across the country. That being said, the main thing Internet recruiting has done is create a flood of resumes for employers and a revenue stream for the likes of www.monster.com. Not surprisingly, this recruitment-made-easy environment is also a turn-over-made-easy environment. The demand for talent goes up; the supply of it is going down. Seventy five percent of top corporate executives surveyed said that their companies are either chronically short of talent or suffer talent droughts. Finding and keeping your next new hire will require a good bit more from the organization than the Monster Board can do for compa ny. The World of the Headhunter Usually the headhunter will be employed to find individuals from competitor companies, poaching the top industry talent and in doing so, giving their client a competitor advantage over one of their rivals. Within financial services, the very best employees can often help to generate millions of pounds in profits for a company. This means that headhunters, although popular with companies looking to hire, are feared and loathed by companies who are worried that their best employees could be poached. How are Headhunters Paid? Good headhunters are highly-respected professionals in their chosen field, and are able to charge clients large fees for their services like any other professional, such as lawyers or accountants. The rewards on offer for headhunters are high. Types of Headhunting Company There are three distinctive types of headhunting firm. Right at the top of the pecking order are the search companies. The tend to focus on recruiting at the most senior level, for managing directors, chief financial officers and chief executives. Search companies keep detailed profiles on clients and also on high-level employees they believe could be of interest. Once a client contacts them to fill a role (for example after a chief executive has informed the company board of their intention to leave), the search company will draw up a shortlist of candidates, discuss them with the client and then make their approaches. Boutique headhunters take a more varied approach. They will use a number of different methods to find good potential employees, including advertising roles, conducting informal searches and trawling through company records for the names of likely personnel. Boutiques often cultivate lists of contacts within an industry and then contact those people to ask if they know of any colleagues who may fit a certain role. The lowest level of headhunters are those that work on a contingent basis, and are most similar to standard recruitment agencies. They will advertise a range of roles within a specific company and get paid for each role What Training is Required to be a Headhunter? Headhunting is not just a more expensive version of recruitment, although entry into the field is similar. Most headhunting firms expect their employees to have a good first class or 2:1 degree. More importantly, a headhunter will need to be confident, good at problem solving, highly motivated to succeed, able to demonstrate good communication skills and possess the ability to network. What Should you do if a Headhunter Contacts You? If you are contacted by a headhunter, it is nearly always worth giving them a few minutes of your time, even if it means calling them back at a more convenient time to talk. In todays volatile jobs market, it always pays to remain on the radar of headhunters. Headhunting 101 The modern business of executive headhunting remains a mystery to most business people, this despite its routes trace back to the days soon after the armistice of World War 1 when it was first practiced and conceived within the walls of the earliest management consulting firms. If you are unaware our remain unconvinced about the influence of todays corporate headhunters, HeadHYPERLINK http://hubpages.com/hub/When-A-Headhunter-Calls HYPERLINK http://hubpages.com/hub/When-A-Headhunter-Callshunters are especially powerful facilitators of executive mobility and management career opportunity, they work as agents of both creative and destructive influence on hiring organizations, their brands, leadership, culture and financial performance. SECTORS IN WHICH HEAD HUNTING IS FOLLOWED INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY The Indian information technology (IT) industry has played a key role in putting India on the global map. Thanks to the success of the IT industry, India is now a power to reckon with. According to the Department of Information Technology (DIT), the overall Indian software and services industry revenue is estimated to have grown from US$ 10.2 billion in 2001-02 to reach US$ 58.7 billion in 2008-09-translating to a CAGR of about 26.9 per cent. The industry grew at 12.9 per cent in 2008-09. According to DIT, exports continue to dominate the revenues earned by the Indian software and services industry. The export intensity (the share of IT-ITeS exports to total IT-ITeS revenue) of Indian software and services industry has grown from 74.5 per cent in 2001-02 to 78.9 per cent in 2008-09. Total software and services exports are estimated to have grown from US$ 7.6 billion to US$ 46.3 billion in 2008-09, a CAGR of 28.6 per cent. The National Association of Software and Service Companies (NASSCOM) is the apex body for software services in India.As per its Strategic Review 2010 published in February 2010, the India IT-BPO industry is estimated to aggregate revenues of US$ 73.1 billion in FY 2010, with the IT software and services industry accounting for US$ 63.7 billion of revenue. Moreover, according to a study by Springboard Research published in February 2010, the Indian information technology (IT) market is expected to grow at around 15.5 per cent in 2010, on the back of growing investor confidence and favourable initiatives taken by the government. EXAMPLES Tony started his working career in 1989 after completing a Diploma in Computer Programming, working for a freight and transport company developing various business applications. He then moved to a software consulting company and consulted to clients as diverse as local government, manufacturing and direct marketing. Tony headed up a development team at this company and assisted a number of clients progress their business requirements through to implementation of technical solutions.Tony followed this with a role at a leading financial services company where he spent time learning the retirement industry, detailed database design techniques and business management. During his four years at this company Tony consulted to and dealt with all levels of management. Management Strategy Experience He was head-hunted to join a leading technology company to build their professional services capacity and Tony built and managed this team for the next 3 years. Tony undertook various training courses in sales and marketing and was responsible for market strategy, research and development, pre-sales consulting, and liaison with the EMEA region of the international market. He gained extensive knowledge in the facilitation of business process development. David Taylor says get headhunted again and again-There is a shortage of outstanding IT directors and CIOs. Companies who value their incumbents must ensure they put in place a retention plan that rewards well above the average in terms of both salary and influence. Board level membership will be a given for IT leaders who are prepared to take their companies into the new, virtual battleground, and lead the fight against the new competitors that are emerging every week. If you are an IT director who has the right skills, and you share this with a belief in your own ability as a leader, the choice is yours. You can take on a similar role in a new company, or join an IT service provider in a senior role, or start out as an entrepreneur. When Kevin Murphy was headhunted he decided to leave his comfortable job at media firm Emap for Excel many of his friends thought he was mad.In heavy debt and in danger of becoming east Londons very own white elephant, the exhibition centre was struggling. Despite that, after Kevin was offered the deputy chief executive role at the Royal Docks venue, he said yes without a second thought. After the last chaotic 15 months which included a takeover by Middle Eastern billionaires, plans unveiled for mass expansion, and, last month, Excel being revealed as the centrepiece of a business tourism masterplan which could give London the financial boost needed to rise from economic gloom he could well be right.Now Kevin, who was appointed chief executive of Excel last year, got here is an interesting tale in itself, and is not typical of most CEOs. INTRODUCTION TO RETAIL INDUSTRY The economy is growing by 8% a year, its stock market rose by nearly 40% in 2005 and foreign investors are flooding in. There are about nine million small grocery shops in India Whichever way you measure it, business in India is booming. And as the economy grows, so does Indias middle class. It is estimated that 70 million Indians in a population of about 1 billion now earn a salary of $18,000 a year, a figure that is set to rise to 140 million by 2011. Many of these people are looking for more choice in where to spend their new-found wealth. The Indian retail sector is now worth about $250bn ( £140bn) a year, but it is heavily underdeveloped. Well over 95% of the market is made up of small, uncomputerised family-run stores. Now there are finally signs that the Indian government is dropping its traditionally protectionist stance and opening up its retail market to greater overseas investment. Last month it eased restrictions on foreign investment, allowing overseas retailers to own 51% of outlets as long as they sell only single-brand goods. For the first time, chains like McDonalds, Marks Spencer, Body Shop and Ikea can, if they want to, open and control their own operations in India. Previously, many of them had gone down the path of working with franchise partners, a policy followed by MS which supplies clothes to eight Planet Sports stores. They look like MS stores on the inside, but they are owned by local retailers, and the UK retailer has no plans for that to change. Lots of employment generation by Indian Organized Retail Sector in the near future. India is going through a radical economic change. Though it is very infant stage, people can feel the climate is changing. The unorganized retailers takes the lions share in the Indian retail sector, but the organized retailers are growing at a good pace, and promises an increase of proportion of 9 10% by 2010. This is to be the largest sector after the agricultural sector. The present employment in the retail business is nearly 4 crores and around 20 crores depends on this sector. There is a scope of better exposure to the international standards with the entry of transnational companies, which in turn is encouraging more more retail management programs to open up and help bridging the gap of supply demand of talented professionals for management. EXAMPLES The Reliance recruitment bandwagon for its retail venture rolls on. The latest experienced retailing hand likely to join Reliance soon is Mr K. Radhakrishnan, Vice-President (Merchandising), Spencers Retail of the RPG group, and part of the original team that put FoodWorld operations in place. He has been roped in as CEO of Reliances hypermarket vertical. The group has plans to set up hundreds of hypermarkets around the country and he will be responsible for its rollout. Mr Radhakrishnan, who had quit the RPG group after an over-seven-year stint, a couple of months ago, was to have spearheaded the retail business of diamond trading company Dimexon. However, he will now be a Reliance hand. Microsoft is reportedly trying to hire away Apples retail employees by bribing them withà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ wait for it, better wages. People that have spoken to The Loop on condition of anonymity confirm that Microsoft has contacted a number of Apples retail store managers to work in their stores. In addition to significant raises, the managers have also been offered moving expenses in some cases. It doesnt end there: once the ex-Apple managers have jumped ship, they are asked to contact their top sales employees at their old workplaces and offer them similar positions at Microsofts retail stores, also with higher pay. An outstanding employee in his first job working in marketing for Xerox, Schultz was headhunted by the Swedish company Perstorp AB. He became the houseware firms vice president at twenty-six and oversaw their American subsidiary, Hammerplast USA. As with Ray Kroc, founder of McDonalds, who took an interest in the original McDonalds buying up so many milkshake mixers, Schultzs interest was piqued by the large number of espresso machines that a company called Starbucks was buying from Hammerplast. CONCLUSION The practical use of head hunting through head hunter such as china head hunter how to regulate and how, why and when use of head hunter: The regulation of head hunting: 1. Keep secret Keeping secret is the most important in headhunting China industry because it not only relates with our head hunter in China commodity secrets it also relating with the clients commodity secrets and candidates secrets. 2. Provide favorable head hunting The nature of china head hunting industry is service. 3. China head hunter proper elite. This means elite that we headhunting China is advanced and professional elite 4. Abide by the law. It often contacts with famous firm and elite, so we must abide by the law. 5. Profession Headhunting Company holds the evaluating ways and comprehends every industry. 6. Stabilization China head hunter company will set up long time tracking service. How to choose a head hunting company Modern enterprises are faced with increasingly intense talent competition, especially the competition of senior management talents. When an enterprise chooses the approach to the acquisition of senior management talents the recommendation by the head hunting company is an effective way worth consideration. Thus, upon choosing head hunting companies the review of the historical background of head hunting companies is conducive to the finding of competent Knowing the specialized field of the head hunting company: A head hunting company proficiency in a certain field can provide the most suitable candidate within the shortest time. Although the people in other industries looks headhunting as one industry. Only by doing so can the head hunting company find the right candidate within the minimum time. Interview with consultants in charge of certain business: The background of head hunting company is certainly important, and the quality of the consultant is important too. The reason why sometimes many candidates recommended by head hunting company seem a little different from the requirement of the enterprise is the gap of its consultant in the understanding apcity of the position. Learning about the operation flow of the head hunting company: Now many head hunting companies are actually agency companies, who may tell you they hold thousands of talents data, when you entrust them with the job recruitment, they will just search the data in the database and may recommend candidates to you without basic interview. Looking at the website of the head hunting company: Many head hunting companies have established their own websites, so viewing their client group and historical records can be helpful to your grasp of their specialized fields. The websites of head hunting companies are different from those of talent agency companies. How to use headhunter It Very often the best candidates are already happily employed. They are not thinking of moving and they wont respond to an advert. Head-hunters role is to source these people for difficult-to-fill positions. They differ from agencies because they focus exclusively on approaching people already working rather than considering people looking for work. Why to use headhunter Headhunters are used for varied reasons, including and most especially for people looking for middle management and executive positions within their chosen industry. Headhunters or contingency executive recruiters are not as widely regarded, respected or considered to be as reputable as retainment executive recruiters. Generally speaking companies such as consultants and staffing agencies use headhunters to find people for contract or full-time/permanent jobs. Headhunters are useful when looking for more generalized positions, including general management, but their focus is helping their client to find potential candidates that the client themselves were unable to find despite all their efforts. This is one of the reasons that they have received such bad press. There have been cases where candidates have worked with headhunters and ended up not getting a position at all. In fact, the worst type of headhunter will forward any and every resume to their clients with total disregard to whether or not the candidate is suitable or not. This wastes time, money and sometimes contracts with clients. When to use a headhunter: When using a headhunter it is important to find someone that can be trusted before engaging them in a contract. This is best done by finding another firm that has used their services before and getting a recommendation. Also, it is critical for a company to insist that they are not sent every resume in sight and that they are kept totally informed of the work the headhunter is doing. The most important things to keep in mind when using a headhunter are: Quality work for a reasonable price Good communication policies References and recommendations from other companies that have used their services An ability to do a proper candidate search for people who are suited to a job position and not just anyone and any resume

Parents Need Help Essay

In today’s society parents are faced with a critical parenting question that was not necessary 20 years ago; which video games should I let my children play? Parenting is tough enough without having to deal with a child that gets upset because he cannot play a certain video game that all of his friends are playing. The values that children are raised to believe in are those of their parents, not those of the city, state or country they live in, and those family values are the most important values a child will learn. Some very influential people in our society believe that the government should be able to dictate what a child is or is not allowed to play or watch. Illinois Governor Rod Blagojevich believes that â€Å"Parenting is hard work and the state has a compelling interest in helping parents raise their children to be upstanding men and women. † (Whitehead, 2005). Some studies show that these violent and sexually explicit video games provide â€Å"harmful effects ranging from health problems to violent behavior. † (Rutgers University Law – Newark, 2012). The completed studies and comments from government officials have very informative information and hard evidence to support their statement of â€Å"Parents Need Help†. As detailed in many articles and polls, one of the major problems with parents allowing their child to play violent or sexually explicit video games is covered in a 2013 Harris Poll. â€Å"The findings underscore the lack of awareness Americans have about the video game rating system, as well as confusion in the market†, said Mike de Vere, President of Harris Poll. PRNewswire, 2013). If parents took the time to understand the video game rating system like they understand a movie rating, they would be better informed as to what each game consist of. Parents have no problem letting a young child watch an â€Å"R† rated movie that shows violence and sexual activity, but if that same child is showing violent tendencies or sexual behaviors they are quick to blame video games for the behavior. Many American children spend a large amount of time playing video games. As a parent, you may be confused as to whether these games are beneficial or not† (http://www. thefreelibrary. com, 2008). If a parent takes the time to review what each of the video game ratings are and what material will be in the video games along with reemphasizing family values there would be less political emphasis on parenting. There has been violent and sexual behavior from children in a ysfunctional and functional home, but if a parent takes the time to ensure their child understands the difference between fiction (video games), reality (everyday life) and monitors their child’s behavior less of these violent outburst would occur. Movies provide the same access to violence and sexual behavior as video games do but there is no political agenda to ban movies that have a less restrictive rating system than video games. Parents need help restoring parental rights and help in stopping the government from taking over their parenting rights. When the government moves in and takes charge of everything that we as citizens can and cannot do, it provides today’s children with the authority to disobey their parents because the government said something different. If the government wants to help, then they should start applying stricter fines on the video game manufacturers and the stores which sell the video games. Threatening them with a fine and not imposing that fine when a manufacturer or retail store provides content to a minor, is allowing them to continue to profit off of children. Impose the fines and make it a stringent fine, at which point manufacturers and retailers would start adhering to the video game restrictions and responsibility would fall back to the parents of which games their children play. In closing, government officials should concentrate on raising their children and guiding our country instead of worrying about how each individual raises their children. Acts of violence and sexual behavior will still occur whether children are playing video games or not; they see it every day on television shows, cartoons, movies and in the news. Parents need to be more vigilant in monitoring what their children are doing, watching, and playing as well as ensuring that your family morals and values are upheld by each member of the family. If we do not accept the role of a parent then we cannot complain when the government decides what we as a society can and cannot do.

Key Pieces of Common App Essay Samples Option 1

Key Pieces of Common App Essay Samples Option 1 A Startling Fact about Common App Essay Samples Option 1 Uncovered Upon receiving the very first invitation from a student for 201617, Recommenders are going to be able to sign in using the exact same credentials as 201516. To explore system requirements, users will need to leave the homepage and locate a link provided at the base of either the registration page or among the various log-in pages. After discovering our website, you will no longer will need to bother friends and family with these kinds of requests. Our customer support will gladly tell you whether there are any special offers at the present time, in addition to make sure you are getting the very best service our business can deliver. The Characteristics of Common App Essay Samples Option 1 The approach on iOS is a small different. In addition to that, each character has a certain stroke order that has to be adhered to, making writing an art form along with a way of communication. On a rare occasion, it may be earned through nearly-unprecedented abilities in a given academic field. Your capacity to be exact is crucial for keeping the term count low. A suite of internet college planning tools is currently available completely free of charge for most high school students. Ensure your essay captures YOU. The essay is a significant region of the college application process, made only more so by the growing number of students applying to college in america each year. Where your private essay goes out to every one of the schools you apply to, supplements are targeted and just visit a single school. Think of colleges like your clients or even food critics since you can bet they'll be exceedingly picky. Public servants have the chance to create the procurement process a lot simpler, without changing existing rules and regulations. It's important to choose the appropriate colleges. Procurement challenges are especially obvious in regards to public procurement of technology. That type of poor app integration is a great way to lose customers. From basic aesthetics to weak content, inadequate navigation, and unknown errors, there are lots of facets of design that may be improved. Below, you will discover the top ten common web application design mistakes and the way to prevent them from hurting your customer overall engagement. Its important to get this distinction between the 2 platforms simply to maintain uniformity with different apps. Choosing the app on this page will enable you to view and edit app info. The Common App provides you 650 words to explain anything which you haven't had the space or opportunity to communicate in the remainder of your application. This choice is available if you're submitting an iOS version update and your app has one of these statuses. In general, there's no single correct topic. If you intend to compose an effective essay, it's time to get familiar with every one of the forms of essay prompts. There are some essential things that go into an amazing Common App essay. You're writing a college application essay, and you must know about your audience. You will realize that each man or woman who reads your college application essay is going to have very different things to say about doing it. Understanding what the essay is and the way it fits into the college application procedure can help students understand the things that they have to do to be able to compose an essay that's an asset to their application. You need to be willing to compose several drafts of a university application essay to be able to attain a result that shows you off in the ideal light. The topic of your essay doesn't need to be completely novel. Android App Links with verification was made to deal with this. The aim was to be certain that any computer novice would have the capacity to learn Windows 95. It is possible to only save submitted applications. The procedure for your experience is extremely important. Common App Essay Samples Option 1 Explained To put it differently, it must help the reader assess what isn't contained in the remainder of th e application with the addition of something entirely new. Explain your thought processlet the reader in your mind to view how you tick. Because everybody has a story to tell. The 2nd most important consideration to consider is alignment with your Story. Then think about whether it's the case that you'd make the exact same decision again and why. It's completely natural to immediately begin thinking, but this is likely to be this hard! The second rationale is the time that it requires to switch between Spikes should you choose to quit on the initial one. You must find the uncommon in what's probably common. Additionally, there are several iOS devices iPhones, iPads, and iPods all arrive in various sizes. It's really quite easy, actually. Think about what's important to you and why.

Discussion Based Learning Over Lecture Based Classes

When beginning the revision process for Assignment three, the research paper, I first looked a the purpose of the paper as a whole. Based off of comments from my professor, as well as peer reviews, I recognized that I needed to adjust the purpose of the paper. The biggest problem with my original research paper was that the information in the paper was very much universally known. When I discussed the advantages of discussion-based learning over lecture-based classes, this conflict had already been resolved. After discussing this problem with my professor, I looked for the argument within my original argument. I recognized that the portion of my paper about the financial issues with higher education had merit as a paper by itself. So, I began to look at an argument, using the previously-known information that discussion-based classes are more effective than lecture-based classes, about the financial issues with the American higher education system. I found that there has been a trend of decreasing tuition in the United States. Through further research, I realized that this trend resulted in the increasing of class size and decreasing of the number of professors employed by universities across the United States. I argued that this push to cheapen college education has led to an ineffective American higher education system in general. After I realized that this was my new argument, I also recognized that my essay was not rhetorically appealing enough to convince an audienceShow MoreRelatedCollegiate Education Is An Integral Part Of The Formation Of Future Successful Adults1487 Words   |  6 Pagesfuture successful adults. Traditionally, the style of education that is received by college students is lecture-based. A professor stands in front of a large classroom presented various facts with little to no participation by students. 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The Effects Of Violent Media On Youth - 1977 Words

The Effect of Violent Media on Youth How many hours did you spend watching TV last week? How many fighting scenes did you witness during one movie? Yeah, the Hulk and Spiderman might be super cool when they fight off the bad guys, and yeah, they are every kids hero, but, have you ever stopped to think what all of this violent media is doing to the minds of the younger generations? How it can affect them, not only now, but in the future? We may believe that what we see in movies, music videos, and video games is all fiction, and may never happen in real life, but that is not true. Children like to repeat what they see, not knowing whether it is good or bad. Examples like The Bobo Doll Study showed us that children who observed the†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"Children who view media are more likely to have increased feelings of hostility, decreased emotional response to the portrayal of violence and injury that lead to violent behavior through imitation† (Tompkins, â€Å"The Psychological Effects of Viole nt Media on Children†). On April 20th 1999, Eric Harris (18) and Dylan Klebold (17) went on a shooting spree in Columbine High School killing 32 people before turning the guns on themselves. This shooting was one of the most bloodiest, creepiest, most lifelike attacks anyone at that time could commemorate. Harris and Klebold, while gunning down the victims, laughed and cheered as if they were having the time of their lives. The two youth were allegedly members of the Trench Coat Mafia. Not only that, but both Harris and Klebold played violent â€Å"murder-simulation† video games, and were fans of the movie â€Å"Natural Born Killers†, which was about a husband and wife pair of mass murderers who received intense media coverage. Most entertainment disturbances are used for urgent innate thrills without emphasizing any human damage. Special effects and graphics make acts of violence in movies and video games look more believable. â€Å"Titillating violence in sexual contexts and comic violence are particularly dangerous, because they associate positive feelings with hurting others† (Stadler 117). By sensitizing pain, media has allowed many youth disbelieve how

Sources of Demo Data Free Essays

string(66) " sparse population needs for growing crops† \(Boserup, 1990, p\." The issue of population and development has increasingly evolved into the ‘population, environment, and development nexus. In the face of this mandate for research on population and environment dynamics, different theoretical frameworks are brought on board. Ester Boserup was one of the scholars who have contributed to these theoretical frameworks hence this essay will attempt to expound Ester her theory of population growth and demonstrate how applicable the theory is to Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Sources of Demo Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later on, the weaknesses of the theory will be brought in with reference to the African context. Lastly a conclusion will summarize the whole essay. A theory is defined as a set of facts, propositions, or principles analyzed in their relation to one another to explain phenomena. (Chambers dictionary, 2005) Population growth is defined as the total number of people who inhabit an area, region, or country, or the number of people in a particular group who inhabit an area. Ester Boserup (May 18, 910 – September 24, 1999) was a Danish economist, writer. She studied economical and agricultural development, worked at the United Nations as well as other international organizations, and she wrote several books. Her most notable book is The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. (Aldine, 1965) This book presents a â€Å"dynamic analysis embracing all types of primitive agriculture. The work undoes the assumption dating back to Malthus’s time (and still held in many quarters) that agricultural methods determine population (via food supply). Instead, Boserup argued that population determines agricultural methods. A major point of her book is that â€Å"necessity is the mother of invention†. It was her great belief that humanity would always find a way and was quoted in saying â€Å"The power of ingenuity would always outmatch that of demand† in a letter to Northern Irish philosopher T S Hueston. She also influenced debate on the role of women in workforce and human development, and the possibility of better opportunities of work and education for women. (Jain, 2005) According to Malthusian theory, the size and growth of the population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods. In Boserup’s theory agricultural methods depend on the size of the population. In the Malthusian view, in times when food is not sufficient for everyone, the excess population will die. However, Boserup argued that in those times of pressure, people will find ways to increase the production of food by increasing workforce, machinery, fertilizers, (Jain, 2005) Bosarupian theory focuses on the relationship between population, environment, and technology. Her concept of ‘population,’ encompasses population density as well as absolute size and growth. Her concept of environment refers mainly to land resources and related factors such as climate and soil quality. Since her focus is historical civilizations or developing countries, ‘technology’ for Boserup refers mainly to the tools and inputs used in agriculture, the primary productive activity in these societies. In arraying relationships between population, environment, and technology, Boserup proposes that it is generally agreed that successive change in technology has an important influence on the population size. The opposite side of the interrelationship, the influence of population size on technology, has attracted less attention (Boserup, 1981, p. ). In response, Boserup focus her attention on exploring the role of population as an independent variable that influences both the development of agricultural technology which, in turn, shape the productive capacity of resources. Boserup argues that in the short-term a period of sustained population growth would lower output per man hour. This occurs more intensive methods mean more hours of work on the part of the agriculture laborer. The ratio of output to labour cost, thus, deteriorates in the short run. In the long run, however, workers would become more efficient at the tasks required by the new intensive regime. More importantly, the growing population would stimulate more efficient production by allowing division of labor. Therefore, a growing population or increased population density leads ultimately to long run increase in output that outweigh short run declines (Boserup, 1965, p. 39-42). Boserup also states that for small populations with low density it is not worthwhile switching to more intensive regimes that require more labor inputs and that entail short-term productivity losses. She asserts that density must increase to a certain level before it is worthwhile accepting short term declines in labor output and the â€Å"hard toil of intensive agriculture† (Boserup, 1965, p. 51). Once higher densities occur, however, it becomes imperative for the population to undertake the increase labor investment of more intensive systems for the sake of the long term advantage of increased output. Boserup asserts that reliance on food imports to meet the gap between the growing populations food needs and production has undercut the ressure for domestic intensification of agriculture. By offering food aid and subsidized and concessionary food imports, the developed world has made it more attractive for many sub-Saharan African countries to import food rather than increase domestic production. She asserts that food imports also play a role in the continued lack of investment in rural areas. Dependence on food production lessens the need for investment in the domestic f ood production. This allows all resources to flow into the production of crops for export or urban industrial sector. This type of flow correspond with the major development models of export-led growth promoted by international organizations, such as world bank, in sub-Saharan Africa (Boserup, 1981, p. 202) The theory has been instrumental in understanding agricultural patterns in developing countries, although it is highly simplified and generalized. The theory can be applied in Africa in the following ways; Boserup sees sub-Saharan Africa as historically a sparsely populated continent relative to other regions. As a result, subsistence agriculture and low-technology predominate in the region. Boserup states that â€Å"because past rates of population growth were much lower in Africa than in other parts of the world, extensive land-using subsistence systems, that is, long-fallow agriculture continue to be much more prevalent than elsewhere. In large parts of Africa, there is more land than the sparse population needs for growing crops† (Boserup, 1990, p. You read "Sources of Demo Data" in category "Papers" 258). Boserup’s theory can also be demonstrated in the Case study of Mauritius. Mauritius is an island country of 1860  km2 in area, located off the east coast of Africa. Farming and fishing are its main ventures, with agriculture accounting for 4. 6% of its GDP. This is comprehensible since it has fertile soils and a tropical climate. Its exports are divided into four main categories: sugar (32%), garments (31%), plastics (32%) and others (5%). (Jain, 2005) Its population in 1992 was 1,094,000 people. For 2025, the estimated population is 1,365,000. This would mean a growth rate of 1. 45%, with a doubling time of 47 years. Its fertility rate was of 2. 17 children per woman. Jain, 2005) It is possible to notice how uneven population growth has been in Mauritius. At first it was a maintained at a more or less constant level, because there were almost equal values of birth and death rates. Around the 1950s, the birth rate increased significantly (from 35 per thousand to more than 45 per thousand). The death rate declined from 30 to 15 per thousand shortly afterwards. (Jain, 2005) The rate of natural increase was very great, and there was a great pressur e on the country for resources because of this increasing population. It was then that the government had to intervene. It promoted family planning, restricted early marriage, provided improved health care and looked to improve the status of women. The government also worked on diversifying agriculture, invested in industry and improved trading links. With time, there were changes in general attitude toward family size and people were getting married later. As well, there was an improvement in educational and work opportunities for women (in 1975 employment of women was 22. 3%, by 1990 it had increased to 35. 5%). Many transnational companies came to Mauritius because of tax incentives, the Freeport at Port Luis, the large number of educated residents, a considerable amount of cheap labour and the good transport. This would assert to us Boserup’s theory that â€Å"necessity is the mother of invention. † Because the population had risen, the government had to take measures to adapt to this growth. It had to improve and diversify agricultur e, so proving agricultural intensification and that â€Å"population growth cause’s agricultural growth. (This idea is presented in The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure; 1965. ) It also suggests that a country must improve its technology to be able to support the growing population, and that many technologies will not be taken advantage of if the population is not large enough. Mauritius had to build a Freeport and improve transportation to be able to maintain its population. (Jain, 2005) Chitemene system in Zambia is also one example of how Buserup’s theory is applicable to Africa. Chitemene system is a method of farming practiced in the Northern Province of Zambia in which fields are cleared by cutting down trees in order to make the soil fertile. This system was introduced as a result of population increase in Northern Province of Zambia. As population density increased, there was need for more food production, this led discovery of an agriculture system which could make land more fertile hence increasing food production for the growing population. Despite Boserup’s theory being considered as the optimum population theory it as some weaknesses in the African context. Some of these weaknesses are explained in this part of the text. Boserup did not put the law of diminishing returns into consideration when formulating her theory. Increasing labor at a fixed potion of land (increasing population density) would lead to an extent where each addition unit of labor would be adding less to output than what the previous unit added, this would reach a point where output starts decreasing. Most African countries have limited technology and hence increasing population density would lead to diminishing returns in agriculture. (Obadan. 004. P. 99) Another weakness in Boserup’s theory is lack of consideration of ecological factors that arise as a result of increase in population density which affect agriculture negatively. For example in Africa, Nigeria in particular, agriculture contributed more than 75 percent of export earnings before 1970. Since then, due to population growth, however, agriculture has stagnated, mostly due to ecological factors such as drought, disease, and reduction in soil fertility. By the mid-1990s, agriculture’s share of exports had declined to less than 5 percent. Once an exporter of food to nearby countries, Nigeria now must import food to meet domestic demand (keet, 1994: p. 55). It is clear that certain types of fragile environments cannot support excessive numbers of people in Africa for example the Barotse flood plains in Zambia. In such cases, population pressure may not lead to technological innovations as Boserup suggested. Boserup’s theory does not adequately account for lack of the impact of subsidization of agriculture production by developed countries on African. Subsidization of agricultural products by developed countries leads to African agriculture products fetching low prices at the international market which in turn discourages farming in Africa despite an increase in population density. Fontanel and Touatam (2004, p. 31) gave an example of trade in cotton. Without financial subsides from the government, the price of cotton production in the United States would be three times higher than the cotton production in most sub-Saharan Africa. Because of subsides to cotton producers in the United States and European union in 2001/2002, Africa had lost in that period US $920 million (Miroudot, 2004: 47). Boserup’s theory does not also account for the comflicts in some African states which hinder agricultural activities such as farming hence making them depend on foreign aid rather than domestically produced products. Ayttey (1998, p. 193) writes that in 1996, more than 20 million of Africans were refugees. These people, who have lost their homes, jobs, and possessions, should be the ones to go to school, grow food, or work in factories and government and business administration. This has greatly contributed to the low food output levels in these countries. Boserup’s idea is based upon field studies in south east Asia and she developed her idea based on the number of assumptions, her ideas are not much applicable in Africa which the population is sparse since her field work was conducted in places with very high population densities like india. In conclusion, Boserup’s population theory may not alone fully explain the relationship between population growth, environment and technology but most importantly it has offered a complementary perspective to other theories. The theory has offered applicable solutions on the relationship between population growth and resources especially in Africa. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayittey, G. 1998. Africa In Chaos, St. Martin’s press. New York Boserup, E. 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Allen and Unwin, London. Boserup, E. 1981. Population and Technological Change. Chicago press, Chicago. Boserup, E. 1990. Economic and Demographic Relationships in Development. The John Hopkins University press. London. Ehrlich, P. 1968. The Population Bomb: Ballantine. New York. Fontanel, J. and Touatam, A. 2004. The Rift. African Geopolitics. No. 13. Paris. OR. IMA INTERNATIONAL. Pp. 29-42. Keet, D. 1994. Systematic Destruction – IMF/World Bank Social Engineering in Africa. Track Two. The centre for intergroup studies. Vol. 2. No. 1. Pp. 10-11. Obadan, M. 2004. The External Debt Crisis: Strategies and policies. In African Development and Governance strategies in the 21st century. London . Zed Books. Pp. 140-164. Simon, J. 1981. The Ultimate Resource: Princeton university press. New Jersey. Aldine. (1965, 08 03). Women, Development and the UN. Retrieved 03 15, 2012, from wikipedia: http://www. wikipedia. com Jain, D. (2005, 03 16). ester buserup. Retrieved 03 15, 2012, from enotes. com: http://www. enotes. com How to cite Sources of Demo Data, Papers Sources of Demo Data Free Essays string(66) " sparse population needs for growing crops† \(Boserup, 1990, p\." The issue of population and development has increasingly evolved into the ‘population, environment, and development nexus. In the face of this mandate for research on population and environment dynamics, different theoretical frameworks are brought on board. Ester Boserup was one of the scholars who have contributed to these theoretical frameworks hence this essay will attempt to expound Ester her theory of population growth and demonstrate how applicable the theory is to Africa. We will write a custom essay sample on Sources of Demo Data or any similar topic only for you Order Now Later on, the weaknesses of the theory will be brought in with reference to the African context. Lastly a conclusion will summarize the whole essay. A theory is defined as a set of facts, propositions, or principles analyzed in their relation to one another to explain phenomena. (Chambers dictionary, 2005) Population growth is defined as the total number of people who inhabit an area, region, or country, or the number of people in a particular group who inhabit an area. Ester Boserup (May 18, 910 – September 24, 1999) was a Danish economist, writer. She studied economical and agricultural development, worked at the United Nations as well as other international organizations, and she wrote several books. Her most notable book is The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure. (Aldine, 1965) This book presents a â€Å"dynamic analysis embracing all types of primitive agriculture. The work undoes the assumption dating back to Malthus’s time (and still held in many quarters) that agricultural methods determine population (via food supply). Instead, Boserup argued that population determines agricultural methods. A major point of her book is that â€Å"necessity is the mother of invention†. It was her great belief that humanity would always find a way and was quoted in saying â€Å"The power of ingenuity would always outmatch that of demand† in a letter to Northern Irish philosopher T S Hueston. She also influenced debate on the role of women in workforce and human development, and the possibility of better opportunities of work and education for women. (Jain, 2005) According to Malthusian theory, the size and growth of the population depends on the food supply and agricultural methods. In Boserup’s theory agricultural methods depend on the size of the population. In the Malthusian view, in times when food is not sufficient for everyone, the excess population will die. However, Boserup argued that in those times of pressure, people will find ways to increase the production of food by increasing workforce, machinery, fertilizers, (Jain, 2005) Bosarupian theory focuses on the relationship between population, environment, and technology. Her concept of ‘population,’ encompasses population density as well as absolute size and growth. Her concept of environment refers mainly to land resources and related factors such as climate and soil quality. Since her focus is historical civilizations or developing countries, ‘technology’ for Boserup refers mainly to the tools and inputs used in agriculture, the primary productive activity in these societies. In arraying relationships between population, environment, and technology, Boserup proposes that it is generally agreed that successive change in technology has an important influence on the population size. The opposite side of the interrelationship, the influence of population size on technology, has attracted less attention (Boserup, 1981, p. ). In response, Boserup focus her attention on exploring the role of population as an independent variable that influences both the development of agricultural technology which, in turn, shape the productive capacity of resources. Boserup argues that in the short-term a period of sustained population growth would lower output per man hour. This occurs more intensive methods mean more hours of work on the part of the agriculture laborer. The ratio of output to labour cost, thus, deteriorates in the short run. In the long run, however, workers would become more efficient at the tasks required by the new intensive regime. More importantly, the growing population would stimulate more efficient production by allowing division of labor. Therefore, a growing population or increased population density leads ultimately to long run increase in output that outweigh short run declines (Boserup, 1965, p. 39-42). Boserup also states that for small populations with low density it is not worthwhile switching to more intensive regimes that require more labor inputs and that entail short-term productivity losses. She asserts that density must increase to a certain level before it is worthwhile accepting short term declines in labor output and the â€Å"hard toil of intensive agriculture† (Boserup, 1965, p. 51). Once higher densities occur, however, it becomes imperative for the population to undertake the increase labor investment of more intensive systems for the sake of the long term advantage of increased output. Boserup asserts that reliance on food imports to meet the gap between the growing populations food needs and production has undercut the ressure for domestic intensification of agriculture. By offering food aid and subsidized and concessionary food imports, the developed world has made it more attractive for many sub-Saharan African countries to import food rather than increase domestic production. She asserts that food imports also play a role in the continued lack of investment in rural areas. Dependence on food production lessens the need for investment in the domestic f ood production. This allows all resources to flow into the production of crops for export or urban industrial sector. This type of flow correspond with the major development models of export-led growth promoted by international organizations, such as world bank, in sub-Saharan Africa (Boserup, 1981, p. 202) The theory has been instrumental in understanding agricultural patterns in developing countries, although it is highly simplified and generalized. The theory can be applied in Africa in the following ways; Boserup sees sub-Saharan Africa as historically a sparsely populated continent relative to other regions. As a result, subsistence agriculture and low-technology predominate in the region. Boserup states that â€Å"because past rates of population growth were much lower in Africa than in other parts of the world, extensive land-using subsistence systems, that is, long-fallow agriculture continue to be much more prevalent than elsewhere. In large parts of Africa, there is more land than the sparse population needs for growing crops† (Boserup, 1990, p. You read "Sources of Demo Data" in category "Essay examples" 258). Boserup’s theory can also be demonstrated in the Case study of Mauritius. Mauritius is an island country of 1860  km2 in area, located off the east coast of Africa. Farming and fishing are its main ventures, with agriculture accounting for 4. 6% of its GDP. This is comprehensible since it has fertile soils and a tropical climate. Its exports are divided into four main categories: sugar (32%), garments (31%), plastics (32%) and others (5%). (Jain, 2005) Its population in 1992 was 1,094,000 people. For 2025, the estimated population is 1,365,000. This would mean a growth rate of 1. 45%, with a doubling time of 47 years. Its fertility rate was of 2. 17 children per woman. Jain, 2005) It is possible to notice how uneven population growth has been in Mauritius. At first it was a maintained at a more or less constant level, because there were almost equal values of birth and death rates. Around the 1950s, the birth rate increased significantly (from 35 per thousand to more than 45 per thousand). The death rate declined from 30 to 15 per thousand shortly afterwards. (Jain, 2005) The rate of natural increase was very great, and there was a great pressur e on the country for resources because of this increasing population. It was then that the government had to intervene. It promoted family planning, restricted early marriage, provided improved health care and looked to improve the status of women. The government also worked on diversifying agriculture, invested in industry and improved trading links. With time, there were changes in general attitude toward family size and people were getting married later. As well, there was an improvement in educational and work opportunities for women (in 1975 employment of women was 22. 3%, by 1990 it had increased to 35. 5%). Many transnational companies came to Mauritius because of tax incentives, the Freeport at Port Luis, the large number of educated residents, a considerable amount of cheap labour and the good transport. This would assert to us Boserup’s theory that â€Å"necessity is the mother of invention. † Because the population had risen, the government had to take measures to adapt to this growth. It had to improve and diversify agricultur e, so proving agricultural intensification and that â€Å"population growth cause’s agricultural growth. (This idea is presented in The Conditions of Agricultural Growth: The Economics of Agrarian Change under Population Pressure; 1965. ) It also suggests that a country must improve its technology to be able to support the growing population, and that many technologies will not be taken advantage of if the population is not large enough. Mauritius had to build a Freeport and improve transportation to be able to maintain its population. (Jain, 2005) Chitemene system in Zambia is also one example of how Buserup’s theory is applicable to Africa. Chitemene system is a method of farming practiced in the Northern Province of Zambia in which fields are cleared by cutting down trees in order to make the soil fertile. This system was introduced as a result of population increase in Northern Province of Zambia. As population density increased, there was need for more food production, this led discovery of an agriculture system which could make land more fertile hence increasing food production for the growing population. Despite Boserup’s theory being considered as the optimum population theory it as some weaknesses in the African context. Some of these weaknesses are explained in this part of the text. Boserup did not put the law of diminishing returns into consideration when formulating her theory. Increasing labor at a fixed potion of land (increasing population density) would lead to an extent where each addition unit of labor would be adding less to output than what the previous unit added, this would reach a point where output starts decreasing. Most African countries have limited technology and hence increasing population density would lead to diminishing returns in agriculture. (Obadan. 004. P. 99) Another weakness in Boserup’s theory is lack of consideration of ecological factors that arise as a result of increase in population density which affect agriculture negatively. For example in Africa, Nigeria in particular, agriculture contributed more than 75 percent of export earnings before 1970. Since then, due to population growth, however, agriculture has stagnated, mostly due to ecological factors such as drought, disease, and reduction in soil fertility. By the mid-1990s, agriculture’s share of exports had declined to less than 5 percent. Once an exporter of food to nearby countries, Nigeria now must import food to meet domestic demand (keet, 1994: p. 55). It is clear that certain types of fragile environments cannot support excessive numbers of people in Africa for example the Barotse flood plains in Zambia. In such cases, population pressure may not lead to technological innovations as Boserup suggested. Boserup’s theory does not adequately account for lack of the impact of subsidization of agriculture production by developed countries on African. Subsidization of agricultural products by developed countries leads to African agriculture products fetching low prices at the international market which in turn discourages farming in Africa despite an increase in population density. Fontanel and Touatam (2004, p. 31) gave an example of trade in cotton. Without financial subsides from the government, the price of cotton production in the United States would be three times higher than the cotton production in most sub-Saharan Africa. Because of subsides to cotton producers in the United States and European union in 2001/2002, Africa had lost in that period US $920 million (Miroudot, 2004: 47). Boserup’s theory does not also account for the comflicts in some African states which hinder agricultural activities such as farming hence making them depend on foreign aid rather than domestically produced products. Ayttey (1998, p. 193) writes that in 1996, more than 20 million of Africans were refugees. These people, who have lost their homes, jobs, and possessions, should be the ones to go to school, grow food, or work in factories and government and business administration. This has greatly contributed to the low food output levels in these countries. Boserup’s idea is based upon field studies in south east Asia and she developed her idea based on the number of assumptions, her ideas are not much applicable in Africa which the population is sparse since her field work was conducted in places with very high population densities like india. In conclusion, Boserup’s population theory may not alone fully explain the relationship between population growth, environment and technology but most importantly it has offered a complementary perspective to other theories. The theory has offered applicable solutions on the relationship between population growth and resources especially in Africa. BIBLIOGRAPHY Ayittey, G. 1998. Africa In Chaos, St. Martin’s press. New York Boserup, E. 1965. The Conditions of Agricultural Growth. Allen and Unwin, London. Boserup, E. 1981. Population and Technological Change. Chicago press, Chicago. Boserup, E. 1990. Economic and Demographic Relationships in Development. The John Hopkins University press. London. Ehrlich, P. 1968. The Population Bomb: Ballantine. New York. Fontanel, J. and Touatam, A. 2004. The Rift. African Geopolitics. No. 13. Paris. OR. IMA INTERNATIONAL. Pp. 29-42. Keet, D. 1994. Systematic Destruction – IMF/World Bank Social Engineering in Africa. Track Two. The centre for intergroup studies. Vol. 2. No. 1. Pp. 10-11. Obadan, M. 2004. The External Debt Crisis: Strategies and policies. In African Development and Governance strategies in the 21st century. London . Zed Books. Pp. 140-164. Simon, J. 1981. The Ultimate Resource: Princeton university press. New Jersey. Aldine. (1965, 08 03). Women, Development and the UN. Retrieved 03 15, 2012, from wikipedia: http://www. wikipedia. com Jain, D. (2005, 03 16). ester buserup. Retrieved 03 15, 2012, from enotes. com: http://www. enotes. com How to cite Sources of Demo Data, Essay examples

The Role of ‘Race’ in Caribbean Sense of Identity Essay Sample free essay sample

Introduction The geographical entity called the Caribbean is approximately made up of islands within the Caribbean Sea and the coastal lands of Central and South America. The being of this portion of the universe was brought to the attending of Europe. with the landing of ships of Christopher Columbus and his crew on parts of Cuba and Hispaniola tardily in 1492 AD. The Caribbean is made up of many islands that prevarication within the tropical and semitropical climatic zones of Central America. The alone geographical location of these alien islands as a intersection of the Americas. the outstations of Europe and the finish of inexpensive labour from Africa and Asia. has made them open to all influences. The history of migration into the Caribbean Islands threw together diverse races and civilizations of peoples from all the continents of the universe. The net consequence is the creative activity of such a alone racial mix that is difficult to happen anywhere else in the universe ; and which has resulted in an individuality job for the Caribbean people. We will write a custom essay sample on The Role of ‘Race’ in Caribbean Sense of Identity Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In the words of Dr Bhoendradatt Tewarie. Campus Principal of the University of West Indies. St. Augustine: â€Å"Caribbean people have an individuality job. The inquiry of individuality remains unsolved. We have a history. we are located in a topographic point. and we have built relationships. a civilization is germinating but we do hold individuality jobs. † Part of these jobs is the function which racial consciousness dramas in the sense of individuality of Caribbeans. The Caribbean sense of individuality through racial consciousness is partially located in their history-how they came to be where they are today. Historical Background The assorted racial groups which today populate the Caribbean Islands are derived from: Autochthonal people-Tainos. Africans. Europeans and Asiatic Indians. There are three identifiable migratory paths into the islands of the Caribbean. From Europe came the adventurers led by Christopher Columbus. who rapidly transmuted into conquistadores and settlers ; and began the development of mineral and agricultural resources of the new lands. utilizing the autochthonal peoples they met on the islands as slave labour. Then in came the Africans. who were forcefully brought in as slaves from their fatherlands in West Africa ; to replace the Tainos. who by mid 16th century AD had been practically wiped out by the predatory and rampaging Europeans. Much later came in the Asiatic Indians who arrived as apprenticed labourers. Since the white European work forces arrived without their adult females. they were forced by fortunes to mate foremost with the autochthonal Tainos. and subsequently with their female African slaves. This mix created a alone racial group called the ‘Mulatto’ . The male mulatto progeny of the white European work forces became their inheritors. They inherited all the belongings of their white male parents. including their black slaves. This was the beginning of the split between black Africans and their mulatto half brothers. The societal apparatus in most of the Caribbean settlements had the white settlers at the top of the societal ladder. the black Africans at the underside and the mulattos someplace in between. After emancipation of slaves. and the going of white settlers. the mulatto population stepped up the societal ladder as elites in their assorted communities. as is good illustrated by the instance of Haiti after the war of independency forced the Gallic out in 1804. Situation of Sense of Identity Today Since they considered themselves racially superior to the black African ex-slaves the mulatto populations of most Caribbean islands have maintained a separate individuality from the inkinesss. Class and privilege was determined by the elation of the tegument. The state of affairs has to a big extent remained so. Those inkinesss wishing to travel up the societal ladder. for illustration in state like Haiti. resorted to decoloring their black tegument. to achieve what they consider to be the superior tegument tone euphemistically termed ‘high yellow’ . Thus the sense of individuality of the assorted Caribbean groups has become to a big extent determined by their racial categorization as white. mulatto. Indian and black. Bibliography Identity. Merit. Equity.hypertext transfer protocol: //sta. uwi. edu/uwiToday/2006/June/cbnidnt. asp( accessed Jun 4. 2007 )